Ako ste ikada imali kamen u bubregu onda je to iskustvo sasvim sigurno ostalo urezano u vaše pamćenje. Bol može biti nepodnošljiva, dolazeći u valovima sve dok maleni kamen ne prođe kroz vaš urinarni trakt i izađe van tijela.
Za mnoge osobe, kamenac u bubregu nije stvar koja se desi jednom. Kamenac i pijesak se znaju vraćati. Srećom spriječavanje kamena u bubregu nije tako komplicirana stvar i svako se uz malo truda i informisanja može pobrinuti da mu se više nikada ne desi novo bolno iskustvo.
Pijesak i kamenac u bubregu se stvaraju kada određene supstance u urinu postanu previše koncentrirane i formiraju kristale. Većina kamenaca nastaju kada se kalcij kombinira sa oksalatima i fosforom. Veličina im je otprilike kao zrno riže. Sprječavanje kamenca znači sprječavanje uslova koji podržavaju njihovo stvaranje. Sljedeće životne promjene će vam pomoći u tome:
Pijte mnogo tekućine
Velike količine vode logično “ispiraju” i razrjeđuju supstance koje formiraju kamen u bubregu. Nastojite da unesete oko 2 litre tekućine dnevno. To je otprilike 8 čaša vode. Ove količine su možda pretjerane za potpuno zdrave osobe ali ako ste imali kamenac i želite ga spriječiti, velika količina vode vam je najveći saveznik u tome. Za bolji učinak je poželjno da pijete sokove od citrus voća (naranča, limunada) jer citrati iz ovog voća blokiraju formaciju kristala.
Jedno jednostavno pravilo za određivanje da li ste dehidrirani ili ne je da pogledate boju mokraće. Idealno je da bude blijedo žuta ili bistra. Ako mokraća počne postajati tamnija onda je jasno da vam fali tekućine.
Smanjite unos soli
Pretjerano korištenje soli može doprinijeti stvaranju kamenca u bubregu jer povećava nivo izbačenog kalcija i oksalata u mokraći. Smanjivanje soli u svojoj prehrani nije dobro samo za bubrege nego i za smanjenje krvnog pritiska.
Unosite dovoljno kalcija
Iako je popularno mišljenje da kalcij stvara kamenac u bubregu, istina je drugačija i kompleksnija. Stvar je u tome da premalo ili previše kalcija doprinosi stvaranju pijeska i kamenca u bubrezima. Zato biste trebali unositi idealne količine od 0,8 do 1 gram kalcija dnevno. Najbolje je da kalcij unosite prirodnim putem preko mlijeka, sardina ili sjemenki sezama, umjesto tableta. S obzirom da većina ljudi ima blagi nedostatak kalcija, ishranom je jako teško preći dozvoljene granice.
Ne jedite previše životinjskih proteina
Proteini iz mesa i jaja su zdravi i služe za izgradnju naših mišića, ali pretjeran unos životinjskih proteina može dovesti do bubrežnog kamenca, naročito ako ne pijemo dosta tekućine. Visoko-proteinska ishrana povećava razine mokraćne kiseline i smanjuje razine citrata što doprinosi formiranju kamenca. Ovo upozorenje se odnosi samo na osobe koje unose jako velike količine proteina dnevno.
Pijte pivo i vino
Možda je čudno da Vam preporučujemo da pijete alkohol ali postoje barem dvije opširne studije koje su pokazale da konzumacija piva i vina smanjuje rizik za stvaranje kamenca i pijeska u bubregu, a ovaj učinak se ne dešava samo zbog povećanog unosa tekućine nego baš zbog toga što se radi o pivu i vinu. Na primjer, u toj studiji je vino smanjilo rizik za stvaranje kamenca za 59%, pivo za 40%, a kafa za samo 9%. Neka pića nisu uopće imala uticaja. Podsjećamo da je bitno biti umjeren u alkoholnim pićima jer pretjeran unos može štetiti drugim organima.
Izbjegavajte hrane koje imaju oksalate u sebi
Oksalati su supstance koje doprinose formiranju kristala u bubrezima, a ponekad se nalaze i u zdravim hranama. Ako se bojite kamenca trebali biste izbjegavati: čokoladu, cveklu, špinat, bademe i druge hrane bogate oksalatima. Ovo vrijedi samo za osobe sa historijom kamenca u bubregu. Inače je većina ovih hrana zdrava ako se umjereno konzumira.
Svi navedeni savjeti su korisni kako za sprječavanje tako i za eventualno izbacivanje pijeska ili kamenja kojeg već imate. Doktori za takve slučajeve također propisuju i lijekove za brže izbacivanje kamena iz bubrega, a rade se i vantjelesne operacije uz pomoć zvučnih rezonantnih talasa. Operacija je prilično bezbolna jer nema nikakvih rezova, traje od 45 minuta do 1 sat i nakon nje je kamen razbijen u “pijesak” koji će izaći kroz vaše mokraćne kanale kasnije. Ovakve operacije se mogu raditi i uz pomoć lasera.
ENGLISH VERSION:
If you have ever had kidney stones then this experience certainly remained etched in your memory. The pain can be unbearable, coming in waves until the small stone does not pass through your urinary tract and come out of the body.
For many people, kidney stones is not a thing that happens once. Lime and sand are known to return. Fortunately prevent kidney stones is not so complicated matter and each with a little effort and information can be sure that he will never happen newly painful experience.
Sand and kidney stones form when certain substances in the urine becomes too concentrated and form crystals. Most stones are formed when calcium combines with oxalate and phosphorus. Size them is about the same as a grain of rice. Prevention of scale means preventing conditions that support their creation. The following environmental changes will help you with that:
Drink plenty of fluids
Large quantities of water logical "washed" and dilute the substances that form stones in the kidney. Try to enter about two liters of fluid a day. That's about 8 glasses of water. These amounts may be excessive for a completely healthy person but if you had a scale and want to prevent a large amount of water you greatest ally in this. For better effect it is advisable to drink juices of citrus fruit (orange, lemonade) because citrate from this fruit block the formation of crystals.
One simple rule for determining whether you are dehydrated or not is to look at the color of urine. The ideal is to be pale yellow or clear. If urine begins to grow darker then it is clear that you lack fluids.
Reduce salt intake
Excessive use of salt can contribute to kidney stones because it increases the level of ejecta calcium and oxalate in the urine. Reducing salt in your diet is not only good for the kidneys, but also to reduce blood pressure.
Get plenty of calcium
Although the popular belief that creates calcium kidney stones, the truth is different and more complex. The point is that too little or too much calcium contributes to the creation of sand and kidney stones. Therefore, you should have the ideal amount of from 0.8 to 1 gram of calcium per day. It is best to enter the calcium naturally through milk, sardines or sesame seeds, instead of pills. Since most people have mild calcium deficiency, diet is very difficult to cross the limit.
Do not eat too much animal protein
Proteins from meat and eggs are healthy and serve to build our muscles, but excessive intake of animal protein can lead to kidney stones, especially if you do not drink enough fluids. High-protein diet increases the levels of uric acid and reduces the levels of citrate, which contributes to the formation of tartar. This warning applies only to people who take very large amounts of protein a day.
Drink beer and wine
It may seem strange that we recommend that you drink alcohol but there are at least two comprehensive studies have shown that consumption of beer and wine reduces the risk for the formation of tartar and sand in the kidney, and this effect occurs not only due to increased fluid intake, but just because a beer and wine. For example, in this study, the wine reduced the risk for the formation of tartar by 59%, for beer 40% and coffee for only 9%. Some drinks are not at all have an impact. We remind you that it is important to be moderate in alcoholic beverages because excessive intake can harm other organs.
Avoid foods that have oxalate in itself
Oxalates are substances that contribute to the formation of crystals in the kidneys, and sometimes are found in health food stores. If you are afraid of scale should avoid: chocolate, beets, spinach, almonds and other foods rich in oxalate. This applies only to persons with a history of kidney stones. Otherwise, most of these foods are safe if consumed in moderation.
All these tips are useful for both prevention and the possible exclusion of sand or stones you might already have. Doctors in such cases also prescribe medication for faster ejection from kidney stones, and work and extracorporeal surgery with the help of resonant sound waves. The operation is quite painless because there are no cuts, lasting from 45 minutes to 1 hour and was followed by a stone broken in "sand" which will be released through your ureters later. Such operations can be made with the help of lasers.
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