Jajce je grad u i središte istoimene općine u srednjoj Bosni, Bosna i Hercegovina, na ušću rijeke Plive u Vrbas. Grad je 1991. brojao 13.579, a općina 45.007 stanovnika.
REKLI SU O JAJCU...
"Dragi prijatelju, javljam ti se iz grada koji u samom svom središtu ima najlepši vodopad u cijelom carstvu" - (pisalo je na razglednici, koju je krajem 19. vijeka u Austrougarskoj, iz Jajca u Prag uputio jedan češki turista).
NASTANAK I NAZIV
Jajce se, u pisanom dokumentu, prvi put pominje 1396. godine kada se Hrvoje Vukčić naziva jajačkim ("conte di Jajcze"). Osnivač grada, veliki vojvoda Bosanskog kraljevstva i herceg splitski Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, čovjek, čije su moći nadilazile i moći kraljeva ostavio je vječan i poseban pečat u razvoju Jajca. Nakon njegove smrti 1416. godine, grad je prešao u posjed kraljevske bosanske porodice Kotromanić, koji su ga pretvorili u jedan od svojih stolnih gradova. U 15. stoljeću Jajce je bilo sjedište bosanskih kraljeva, u kojem je 1461. godine okrunjen posljednji bosanski kralj, Stjepan Tomašević. U pohodu na Evropu, Turci su 1463. godine osvojili Jajce i pogubili kralja, čije se kosti danas čuvaju u Franjevačkom samostanu. Naziv Jajca potječe, najvjerovatnije, od jajolike stijene na kojoj je sagrađena tvrđava.
OSNOVNE KARAKTERISTIKE
Sa površinom od 350 km² općina Jajce zauzima centralni dio BiH i zapadni dio Srednjobosanskog kantona. Grad sa bogatom prošlošću, obilježen velikim carstvima, rimskim, turskim, austrougarskim, nazvan prijestonicom bosanskih kraljeva, smješten je na ušću dvije prelijepe rijeke Plive i Vrbasa, te otkriva tragove ljudskih naselja još iz prahistorijskog vremena, a svaki ostatak iz davnina priča svoju priču. Okolne planine, od kojih je najpoznatija Ranča sa Suhim Vrhom, (1431m nadmorske visine), bogate su šumom, mineralima, ljekovitim biljem i divljači. Veliko i Malo Plivsko jezero, koji se nalaze nadomak grada, posjetiteljima pričinjavaju mjesto istinskog uživanja i svojevrsnog odmora, raj za ribolovce, ali i ljubitelje raznovrsnih sportskih aktivnosti.
KULTURNO-HISTORIJSKA OBILJEŽJA
Ovaj „muzej pod vedrim nebom“ njeguje više od 22 nacionalna spomenika, od kojih je 10 nulte kategorije. Još od 1979. godine pokrenuta je inicijativa za upis Jajca na Listu svjetske UNESCO-ove baštine,a ponovo je oživljena od 2005. godine. Na području Jajca pronađene su mnoge značajne kulturno-historijske znamenitosti, među kojima se posebno ističe hram boga Mitre, koji je najstariji spomenik u Jajcu i potiče iz 4.st. Ovaj najznačajniji antički spomenik u BiH, otkriven je 1931. godine, a predstavlja staro indoiransko božanstvo Sunca i svjetlosti, čiji su kult iz Male Azije donijeli rimski vojnici. Tvrđava (kastel, citadela) je srednjovjekovna tvrđava, koju je podigao graditelj Jajca. Medvjed kula, koja se ubraja u najstarija fortifikacijska obilježja u BiH predstavlja posljednju odbrambenu kulu izgrađenu između 1448.-1463. godine u bosanskom kraljevstvu. Bitno je još spomenuti i misterioznu katakombu, koja uz sebe veže brojne legende. Nalaze se pod zemljom, uklesane u živu stijenu, a predstavljaju hram i podzemnu grobnicu posljednjeg bosanskog kralja, izgrađene 410.godine. Na desnoj obali Vrbasa, u mjestu Podmilačje, udaljenom 7km od Jajca nalazi se jedina sačuvana crkva gotičkog stila u BiH. Crkva sv. Ive Krstitelja poznata je po tome što svake godine 24. juna na desetine hiljada hodočasnika iz raznih krajeva Evrope dolaze u Podmilačje vjerujući u iscjeliteljsku moć sv. Ive. Među objekte sakralne arhitekture ubraja se i Franjevački samostan izgrađen u XIX stoljeću, u kojem se u staklenom kovčegu čuvaju kosti posljednjeg bosanskog kralja, Stjepana Tomaševića. Kao objekat istočnjačke arhitekture, u centru grada sagrađena je 1753. godine džamija Esme-sultanije, žene bosanskog vezira Mehmed-paše Muhsinovića, te se ubraja među posljednje građevine ove vrste sagrađene pod kupolom na teritoriji BiH. Prema legendi vjeruje se da je mlada sultanija "bolovala od teške bolesti" i da su joj hodže rekle "da će ozdraviti ako podigne zadužbinu.
ZAŠTO DOĆI
Grad Jajce predstavlja pozornicu, na kojoj su nastali mnogi važni događaji i dokumenti, ali također iznjedrene su i mnoge znamenite ličnosti, te se svakako pisanim, ali i usmenim predanjima prepričava bogata prošlost ovog grada. Neobični pejzaži i prelijep krajolik, koji stvaraju rijeka Pliva sa veličanstvenim vodopadom, koji se obrušava niz sedru, visoku 21 metar i spada među 12 najljepših vodopada u svijetu, te nestaje u kanjonu rijeke Vrbasa i baš u ovom gradu se ujedinjuju u jedno, svakako vrijedi vidjeti. Ovaj grad ima veliki turistički značaj, te je kapija grada širom otvorena za sve posjetitelje.
ENGLISH VERSION:
Jajce is a city in and the center of the homonymous municipality in central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the confluence of the Pliva and the Vrbas. The city in 1991 counted 13,579, and municipalities 45,007 inhabitants.
THEY SAID ABOUT JAJCE ...
"Dear friend, I bring you from the city that in its center has the most beautiful waterfall in the whole of the empire" - (it was written on a postcard, by the late 19th century in Austria, from Jajce to Prague sent a Czech tourists).
ORIGIN AND NAME
Jajce, as a written document, first mentioned in 1396 when Hrvoje Vukčić called Jajce ("conte di Jajcze"). The founder of the city, the Grand Duke of Bosnian Kingdom and Duke Hrvoje's Split, a man whose power transcended the power of kings has left an everlasting and a special mark in the development of Jajce. After his death in 1416, the city passed into the possession of the royal Bosnian family Kotromanić, who turned it into one of your desktop cities. In the 15th century Jajce was the seat of Bosnian kings, which in 1461 was crowned last Bosnian king, Stjepan Tomasevic. In the march towards Europe, the Turks in 1463 won the egg and executed the king, whose bones are kept in the Franciscan monastery. Jajce name derives, probably, from the egg-shaped rock on which the fortress was built.
GENERAL FEATURES
With an area of 350 square kilometers Jajce Municipality occupies the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the western part of the Central Bosnia Canton. The city with a rich past, marked by great empires, the Roman, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, called the capital of the Bosnian kings, situated at the confluence of two beautiful rivers Pliva and Vrbas, and reveals traces of human settlement since the prehistoric times, and every remnant of the past tells its own story. The surrounding mountains, such as the famous ranch with Suhi Vrh (1431m above sea level), are rich in forests, minerals, herbs and wild animals. Great and Small Pliva Lake, located near the town, visitors can see place of true enjoyment and a sort of holiday, a paradise for anglers, but also lovers of various sports activities.
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL FEATURES
This "open air museum" cultivates more than 22 national monuments, 10 of which are of the highest category. Since 1979 it initiated the registration of Jajce to the World of UNESCO, and has been reactivated since 2005. In the area of eggs were found many significant cultural and historical monuments, among them being the temple of the god Mithras, which is the oldest monument in Jajce and dates from the 4th century The most important ancient monument in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was discovered in 1931, and represents the old Indo-Iranian deity of the sun and light, whose cult from Asia Minor brought by Roman soldiers. Fortress (castle, citadel) is a medieval fortress, built by architect of Jajce. Bear tower, which is one of the oldest defensive characteristics in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the last defense tower built between the 1448th to 1463rd in the Bosnian kingdom. It is important to mention the mysterious catacomb, which binds with numerous legends. They are located underground, carved into the living rock, and represent an underground temple and tomb of the last king of Bosnia, built 410.godine. On the right bank of the Vrbas, in Podmilačje, located 7km from the eggs is the only preserved Gothic-style church in BiH. The church of St. John the Baptist is known for the fact that every year on June 24, tens of thousands of pilgrims from all over Europe to Podmilačje believing in the healing power of St. Ive. Among the objects of religious architecture is one of the Franciscan monastery built in the nineteenth century, in which the glass case kept the bones of the last Bosnian king, Stjepan Tomasevic. As an object of oriental architecture in the city center was built in 1753. Mosque of Esma Sultana, wife of Bosnian Vizier Mehmed Pasha Muhsinović, and is among the last buildings of this type were built under the dome on the BiH territory. According to legend, it is believed that the young sultana "suffering from a serious illness" and that her mullah said, "she'll be fine if you raise the endowment.
WHY ATTEND
City Jajce represents the stage at which they were created many important events and documents, but also has emerged as the many famous people, and certainly in writing, and oral history recounts the rich history of this city. Unusual landscapes and beautiful scenery, creating rivers Pliva with a magnificent waterfall, which plunges down the tufa, 21 meters high and is one of the 12 most beautiful waterfalls in the world, and disappears into the canyon of the river Vrbas and just in this city are united in one, certainly worth see. This city has a great tourist importance, and the city gate wide open for all visitors.
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